801. Roberts CS, Roberts WC. Dissection of the aorta associated with congenital malformation of the aortic valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17: 712-716.
802. Harn RT, Roman MJ, Mogtader AH, et al. Association of aortic dilation with regurgitation, stenotic and functionally normal aortic valves. J Am Coll
Cardiol 1992; 19: 283-288.
803. Mckusick VA. Association of congenital bicuspid aortic valve and Erdheim’s cystic medial necrosis. Lancet 1972; I: 1026-1027.
804. Maron BJ, Humphries JO, Rowe RD, et al. Prognosis of surgically corrected coarctation of the aorta. Circulation 1973; 47: 119-126.
805. Niwa K, Siu S, Webb G, et al. Progressive aortic root dilatation in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 2002; 106: 1374-1378.
806. Cohen MS, Marino BS, McElhinney DB, et al. Neo-aortic root dilatation and valve regurgitation up to 21 years after staged reconstruction for
hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 533-540.
807. Dodds III GA, Warnes CA, Danielson GK. Aortic valve replacement after repair of pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect or tetralogy of Fallot.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 113: 736-741.
808. Schawrtz ML, Gauvreau K, del Nido P, et al. Long term predictors of aortic root dilatation and aortic regurgitation after arterial switch operation.
Circulation 2004; 110 (II Suppl I): II 128-132.
809. Losay J,Touchot A, Capderou A, et al. Aortic valve regurgitation after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: incidence, risk
factors, and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 2057-2062.
810. Kim WH, Seo JW, Kim SJ, et al. Aortic dissection late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Cardiol 2005; 101: 515-516.
811. Rathi VK, Doyle M, Williams RB, et al. Massive aortic aneurysm and dissection in repaired tetralogy of Fallot; diagnosis by cardiovascular magnetic
resonance imaging. Int J Cardiol 2005; 101: 169-170.
812. Tan Jl, Davlouros PA, Mccaethy KP, et al. Intrinsic histological abnormalities of aortic root and ascending aorta in tetralogy of Fallot: evidence of
causative mechanism for aortic dilatation and aortopathy. Circulation 2005; 112: 961-968.
813. Chong WY, Wong WH, Chiu CS, et al. Aortic root dilatation and aortic elastic properties in children after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Cardiol
2006; 97: 905-909.
814. Marelli AJ, Perloff JK, Child JS, et al. Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect in adults. Circulation 1994; 89: 243-251.
815. 坂崎尚徳,鈴木嗣敏,槇野征一郎,他.Fallot四徴症根治術後遠隔期の大動脈弁閉鎖不全の検討.日小循誌 2002; 18:13-18.
816. Chowdhury UK, Mishra AK, Balakrishnan P, et al. Role of fibrillin-1 genetic mutations and polymorphism in aortic dilatation in patients undergoing
intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008; 136: 757-766.
817. Shores J, Berger KR, Murphy EA, et al. Progression of aortic dilatation and the benefit of long-term β -adrenergic blockade in Marfan’s syndrome. N
Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1335-1341.
818. Gersony DR, McClaughlin MA, Jin Z, et al. The effect of beta-blocker therapy on clinical outcome in patients with Marfan’s syndrome: a
meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2007; 114: 303-308.
819. Habashi JP, Judge DP, Holm TM, et al. Losartan, an AT1 antagonist, prevents aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. Science 2006;
312: 117-121.
820. Brooke BS, Habashi JP, Judge DP, et al. Angiotensin II blockade and aortic-root dilation in Marfan’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2787-2795.
821. Lacro RV, Dietz HC, Wruck LM, et al. Rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial of beta-blocker therapy (atenolol) versus angiotensin II
receptor blocker therapy (losartan) in individuals with Marfan syndrome. Am Heart J 2007; 154: 624-631.
822. Elefteriades JA. Natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysm: indications for surgery, and surgical versus nonsurgical risks. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74:
S1877-1880.
823. Erbel R, Eggebrecht H. Aortic dimensions and the risk of dissection. Heart 2006; 92: 137-142.
824. David TE, Omran A, Ivanov J, et al. Dilatation of the pulmonary autograft after the Ross procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 119: 210-220.
825. de SA M, Moshkovitz Y, Butany J, et al. Histological abnormalities of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk in patients with bicuspid aortic valve
disease: Clinical relevance to the Ross procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118: 588-596.
826. Takeuchi T, Imai Y, Takanashi Y, et al. Histological study of the great arteries in patients with arterial switch operation. Act Ped Cardiol Jpn 1996; 12:
506-512.
827. Anderson RH, Allowork SP, Ho SY, et al. Surgical anatomy of tetoraloggy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovascular Surg. 1981; 81: 887-896.
828. Siwik E, Erenberg F, Zahka K. Tetralogy of Fallot in“ Moss and Adams’Heart Disease in infants, children, and adolescents. 7th ed.” Wolters
Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 2008: 888-910.
829. Ruzmetov M, Jimenez MA, Pruitt A, et al. Repair of tetralogy of Fallot with anomalous coronary arteries coursing across the obstructed right
ventricular outflow tract. Pediatr Cardiol 2005; 26: 537-542.
830. Samanek M. Children with congenital heart disease. Probability of natural survival. Pediatr Cardiol 1992; 13: 152-158.
831. Reddy VM, Liddicoat JR, McElhinney DB, et al. Routine Primary Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in Neonates and Infants Less Than Three Months of Age.
Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60: S592-596.
832. Hirsch JC, Mosca RS, Bove EL Complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot in the neonate: results in the modern era. .Ann Surg 2000; 232: 508-514.
833. Boni L, García E, Galletti L, et al. Current strategies in tetralogy of Fallot repair: pulmonary valve sparing and evolution of right ventricle/left ventricle
pressures ratio. Euro J Cardio-thorac Surg 2009; 35: 885-890.
834. d’Udekem Y, Ovaert C, Grandjean F, et al. Tetralogy of Fallot. Transannular and right ventricular patching equally affect late functional status.
Circulation 2000; 102 III: 116-122.
835. Yamagishi M, Kurosawa H. Outflow reconstruction of tetralogy of Fallot using a Gore-Tex valve.Ann Thorac Surg. 1993; 56: 1414-1416.
836. Brown JW, Ruzmetov M, Vijay P, et al. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with a polytetrafluoroethylene monocusp valve: A twelve-year
experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 133: 1336-1343.
837. Yamagishi M, Kurosawa H, Nomura K, et al. Fan-shaped expanded polytetrafluoroethylene valve in the pulmonary position. J Cardiovasc Surg 2002;
43: 779-786.
838. Quintessenza JA, Jacobs JP, Morell VO, et al. Initial experience with a bicuspid polytetrafluoroethylene pulmonary valve in 41 children and adults. A
new option for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005; 79: 924-931.
839. Rao V, Kadletz M, Hornberger LK, et al. Preservation of the Pulmonary Valve Complex in Tetralogy of Fallot: How Small Is Too Small? Ann Thorac
Surg 2000; 69: 176-180.
840. Stewart RD, Backer CL, Young L, et al. Tetralogy of Fallot: Results of a Pulmonary Valve-Sparing Strategy. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 80: 1431-1439.
841. Morales DL, Zafar F, Heinle JS, et al. Right Ventricular Infundibulum Sparing (RVIS) Tetralogy of Fallot Repair: A Review of Over 300 Patients. Ann
Surg 2009; 250: 611-617.
842. Brizard CP, Mas C, Sohn YS, et al . Transatrial - transpulmonary tetralogy of Fallot repair is effective in the presence of anomalous coronary arteries.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 116: 770-779.
843. Atik FA, Atik E, da Cunha CR, et al. Long-term results of correction of tetralogy of Fallot in adulthood. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004; 25: 250-255.
844. Therrien J, Warnes C, Daliento L, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Consensus Conference 2001 update: recommendations for the management
of adults with congenital heart disease part III. Can J Cardiol. 2001; 17: 1135-1158.
845. Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Circulation
2008; 118: 2395-2451. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/118/23/e714.
846. Li W, Davlouros PA, Ki lner PJ , et al . Dopplerechocardiographic assessment of pulmonary regurgitation in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot:
Comparison with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J 2004; 147: 165-172.
847. Soongswang J, Nana A, Laohaprasitiporn D, et al. Limitation of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases. J Med
Assoc Thai 2000; 83: S111-S117.
848. Williams RV, Minich LL, Shaddy RE, et al. Comparison of Doppler echocardiography with angiography for determining the severity of pulmonary
regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89: 1438-1441.
849. Norozi K, Buchhorn R, Bartmus D, et al. Elevated brain natriuretic peptide and reduced exercise capacity in adult patients operated on for tetralogy
of fallot is due to biventricular dysfunction as determined by the myocardial performance index. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 1377-1382.
850. Davlouros PA, Kilner PJ, Hornung TS, et al. Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic
resonance imaging: detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction. J Am Coll
Cardiol 2002; 40: 2044-2052.
851. van Straten A, Vliegen HW, Hazekamp MG, et al. Right ventricular function late after total repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Eur Radiol 2005; 15: 702-707.
852. Oosterhof T, Mulder BJM, Vliegen H, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the follow-up of patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot: A review.
Am Heart J 2006; 151: 265-272.
853. Geva T, Powell AJ. Magnetic resonance imaging. In: Moss and Adams’ Heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents, 7th ed. (Allen HD,
Gutgesell HP, Clark EB, et al. eds). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2008: 163-199.
854. Tzemos N, Harris L, Carasso S, et al. Adverse left ventricular mechanics in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot Am J Cardiol 2009; 103: 420-425.
855. Roest AA, Helbing WA, Kunz P, et al. Exercise MR imaging in the assessment of pulmonary regurgitation and biventricular function in patients after
tetralogy of fallot repair. Radiology 2002; 223: 204-211.
856. Roest AA, de Roos A, Lamb HJ et al. Tetralogy of Fallot: postoperative delayed recovery of left ventricular stroke volume after physical exercise
assessment with fast MR imaging. Radiology 2003; 26: 278-284.
857. van der Hulst AE, Westenberg JJ, Kroft LJ, et al. Tetralogy of fallot: 3D velocity-encoded MR imaging for evaluation of right ventricular valve flow and
diastolic function in patients after correction. Radiology 2010; 256: 724-734.
858. Boxt LM, Lipton MJ, Kwong RY, et al. Computed tomography for assessment of cardiac chambers, valves, myocardium and pericardium.
Cardiol Clin 2003; 21: 561-585.
859. Koch K, Oellig F, Oberholzer K, et al. Assessment of right ventricular function by 16-detector-row CT: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.
Eur Radiol 2005; 15: 312-318.
860. Therrien J, Provost Y, Merchant N, et al. Optimal timing for pulmonary valve replacement in adults after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Am J Cardiol 2005;
95: 779-782.
861. Raman SV, Shah M, McCarthy B, et al. Multi-detector row cardiac computed tomography accurately quantifies right and left ventricular size and
function compared with cardiac magnetic resonance. Am Heart J 2006; 151: 736-744.
862. Fredriksen PM, Therrien J, Veldtman G, et al. Aerobic capacity in adults with tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiol Young 2002; 12: 554-559.
863. Giardini A, Specchia S, Tacy TA, et al. Usefulness of cardiopulmonary exercise to predict long-term prognosis in adults with repaired tetralogy of
Fallot. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 1462-1467.
864. Buys R, Cornelissen V, De Bruaene AV, et al. Measures of exercise capacity in adults with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2010 Sep 13.
(Ahead of Print)
865. 高橋幸宏.運動負荷検査.臨床発達心臓病学( 高尾篤良,門間和夫,中澤 誠,他編著).中外医学社 2001:233-243.
866. Sutton NJ, Peng L, Lock JE, et al. Effect of pulmonary artery angioplasty on exercise function after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Am Heart J 2008; 155:
182-186.
867. 循環器病の診断と治療に関するガイドライン.心疾患患者の学校,職域,スポーツにおける運動許容条件に関するガイドライン(2008年改訂版).http://www.j-
circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2008_nagashima_h.pdf(2010年5月閲覧).
868. 循環器病の診断と治療に関するガイドライン.成人先天性心疾患治療ガイドライン(2006年改訂版).http://www.j-circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2006
_kurosawa_h.pdf(2010 年5月閲覧).
869. Gentles TL, Lock JE, Perry SB. High pressure balloon angioplasty for branch pulmonary artery stenosis: early experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;
22: 867-872.
870. Rome JJ, Mayer JE, Castaneda AR, et al. Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. Rehabilitation of diminutive pulmonary arteries. Circulation 1993;
88: 1691-1698.
871. Agnoletti G, Boudjemline Y, Bonnet D, et al. Surgical reconstruction of occluded pulmonary arteries in patients with congenital heart disease: effects
on pulmonary artery growth. Circulation 2004; 109: 2314-2318.
872. Bergersen LJ, Perry SB, Lock JE. Effect of cutting balloon angioplasty on resistant pulmonary artery stenosis. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 185-189.
873. Stanfill R, Nykanen DG, Osorio S, et al. Stent implantation is effective treatment of vascular stenosis in young infants with congenital heart disease:
acute implantation and longterm follow-up results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008; 71: 831-841.
874. Law MA, Shamszad P, Nugent AW, et al. Pulmonary artery stents: long-term follow-up. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 75: 757-764.
875. McMahon CJ, El-Said HG, Grifka RG, et al. Redilation of endovascular stents in congenital heart disease: factors implicated in the development of
restenosis and neointimal proliferation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 38: 521-526.
876. Duke C, Rosenthal E, Qureshi SA. The efficacy and safety of stent redilatation in congenital heart disease. Heart 2003; 89: 905-912.
877. Kreutzer J, Landzberg MJ, Preminger TJ, et al. Isolated peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses in the adult. Circulation 1996; 93: 1417-1423.
878. Rothman A, Levy DJ, Sklansky MS, et al. Balloon angioplasty and stenting of multiple intralobar pulmonary arterial stenoses in adult patients.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 58: 252-260.
879. Knauth AL, Lock JE, Perry SB, et al. Transcatheter device closure of congenital and postoperative residual ventricular septal defects. Circulation
2004; 110: 501-507.
880. Lock JE, Block PC, McKay RG, et al. Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects. Circulation 1988; 78: 361-368.
881. Nogi S, Haneda N, Tomita H, et al.Transcatheter coil occlusion of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008; 72:
683-690.
882. Khambadkone S, Bonhoeffer P. Nonsurgical pulmonary valve replacement:Why, when, and how? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004; 62: 401-408.
883. Bonhoeffer P, Boudjemline Y, Qureshi SA, et al. Percutaneous insertion of the pulmonary valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1664-1669.
884. Khambadkone S, Coats L, Taylor A, et al. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in humans: results in 59 consecutive patients. Circulation
2005; 112: 1189-1197.
885. Coats L, Tsang V, Khambadkone S, et al. The potential impact of percutaneous pulmonary valve stent implantation on right ventricular outflow tract
re-intervention. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 27: 536-543.
886. Nordmeyer J, Coats L, Bonhoeffer P. Current experience with percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 18:
122-125.
887. Mullins CE, O’Laughlin MP, Vick GW 3rd, et al. Implantation of balloon-expandable intravascular grafts by catheterization in pulmonary arteries and
systemic veins. Circulation 1988; 77: 188-199.
888. Ing FF. Delivery of stents to target lesions. Techniques of intraoperative stent implantation and intraoperative angiograms. Pediatr Cardiol 2005; 26:
260-266.
889. Peters B, Ewert P, Berger F. The role of stents in the treatment of congenital heart disease: Current status and future perspectives. Ann Pediatr
Cardiol 2009; 2: 3-23.
890. Bacha EA, Scheule AM, Zurakowski D, et al. Long-term results after early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot.Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 122:
154-161.
891. Nollert G, Fischlein T, Bouterwek S, et al. Long-term survival in patients with repair of tetralogy of Fallot: 36-year follow-up of 490 survivors of the
first year after surgical repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1374-1383.
892. Poirer NC, Pelletier LC, Pellerin M, et al . 15-yearexperience with the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:
S57-61.
893. Pelletier LC, Carrier M, Leclerc Y, et al. The Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis. Clinical experience with 600 patients. Ann Thorac
Surg 1995; 60: S297-302.
894. Banbury MK, Cosgrove DM 3rd, Thomas JD, et al. Hemodynamic stability during 17 years of the Carpentier-Edwards aortic pericardial
bioprosthesis. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73: 1460-1465.
895. Fiore AC, Rodefeld M, Turrentine M, et al. Pulmonary Valve Replacement: A Comparison of Three Biological Valves Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 85:
1712-1718.
896. Waterbolk TW, Hoendermis ES, den Hamer IJ, et al. Pulmonary valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis. Promising results of 28 procedures
in patients with congenital heart disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 30: 28-32.
897. Erez E, Tam VK, Doublin NA, et al. Repeat right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction using the Medtronic Freestyle porcine aortic root. J Heart
Valve Dis 2006; 15: 92-96.
898. Dave HH, Buechel ER, Dodge-Khatami A, et al. Early insertion of a pulmonary valve for chronic regurgitation helps restoration of ventricular
dimensions. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 80: 1615-1620.
899. Yemets IM, Williams WG, Webb GD, et al. Pulmonary valve replacement late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 64: 526-530.
900. Eyskens B, Reybrouck T, Bogaert J, et al. Homograft insertion for pulmonary regurgitation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot improves cardiorespiratory
exercise performance. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85: 221-225